EXAMINATION: EYE MOVEMENTS & NYSTAGMUS

INDEX

To perform the alternate cover test, one eye is covered and then the other, in an alternating fashion, forcing fixation with each eye alternately.
This test is performed after single cover testing as it is the most dissociative of cover tests. 

This test will allow the maximal deviation to be determined by alternately covering the eyes and disrupting binocular fusion in order to detect a phoria. By suspending binocular fusion, the test will bring out any phoria which is present in addition to the tropia determined on single cover testing.
The examiner looks at the just uncovered eye as the occlusion is alternated from one eye to the other.  This is a method to bring out the maximal deviation present, by breaking fusion: alterate cover testing produces a larger amplitude of phoria than might be seen using the cover-uncover test.


Note that:

How to carry out the alternate cover test


This test involves covering one eye and holding the occluder for several seconds to suspend fusion, then shifting the occluder to the other eye and rapidly alternating back and forth without allowing the patient to become binocular and being careful to always keep one eye occluded.  It is important that the patient should never be allowed to regain fusion while the occluder is being transferred.

Video 1. A quick guide: how to do the Alternate Cover Test; how to look for a skew deviation

 

(vv)TARNSKEW.mp4(tt)

From: Dieterich M, Tarnutzer AA. Bedside ocular motor testing and vestibular testing. EAN 2020.

Using Alternate Cover test to demonstrate a skew deviation


 

Video 2. A guide to the Alternate Cover Test (also called the cross-cover test)

 

(vv)Alternate Cover Test.mp4(tt)

From: Root T. Ophthalmology Lecture - Tropias & Phorias (part 2/2)  Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TxEQWtlXtrI
 


 

Video 3. The Alternate Cover test in a normal person

 

(vv)Alternate Cover Test 2.mp4(tt)


 

Video 4. The cover-uncover and alternate cover tests

 

(vv)Ocular_Alignment.mp4(tt)

 


 

Video 5. Alternate cover test for esophoria

 

(vv)Alt Cover Alt Esophoria.mp4(tt)


 

Video 6. Alternate Cover test demonstrating a hypertropia

 

(vv)Hypertropia Alternate cover test 2.mp4(tt)


 

Video 7. Use of Cover-Uncover test, and the Alternate Cover test with use of prisms to detect degree of divergence

 

(vv)Basic_Eye_Alignment_Exam.mp4(tt)


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

References