Dystonia

INDEX

With Parkinsonism

 

 

 

Dystonia with or without parkinsonism of infantile or childhood onset

Dystonia and parkinsonism of adolescent and young adult onset

Dystonia and parkinsonism in older adults

 

 


     Differential Diagnosis


     Investigations to consider
     Dopa-responsive dystonia

     GTP1 cyclohyrolase gene, tyrosine hydroxylase gene and other
     genes; CSF analysis, DAT SPECT, Dopa-challenge
     

     Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation type 1 disease (NBIA1), and familial basal ganglia calcifications

      
     

     Young-onset Parkinsonism (e.g. Parkin): dystonia may be present intermittently, as exercise-
     induced paroxysmal foot dystonia, and this may even be a presenting feature

      Genetic testing (e.g. Parkin gene, etc.)
     
     Wilson s disease
 		      
     Copper/caeruloplasmin, slit lamp examination, (ATP7B gene)
   
     Kufor-Rakeb disease		      
     ATP13A2 gene
 
     
     PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration
 		      PLA2G6 gene
     
     Atypical Parkinsonian disorders: PSP, CBD, MSA
 		  
     
     Levodopa-induced dyskinesia in PD
 		  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

References